求翻译，和经济学有关

1. 求翻译，和经济学有关

结果1: 增加东道主国家的贸易成本，就能提高东道国子公司的产量。
结果2:美国与国家j  收入合并  (持续收入总额不变)    增加双方子公司的销售业绩　　
结果3:由美国子公司对于技术密集型国家有吸引力。技术劳动越密集的国家，其在美国子公司的附属产品也就越多。
结果4:附属产品可以增加收入的弹性，即东道国的收入增加，附属产品就会有更大比例的增加。

2. 经济学翻译

Material flows mobilized by the french economy = 由法国经济带动起的物料流动
 
Indirect flows mobilised abroad = 由海外因素带动起的间接流动
 
Domestic consumption of minerals mainly used for construction remains, overall, independent of imports = 整体而言，主要用於建筑业的国内矿物消耗量与进口量无关。［句中的 remains 是个三单形式的动词，意思是 "仍然保持" 或 "依旧"。］

3. 急求急求一段英文翻译？关于经济学的

假设一个政府想要给它的居民提供便宜的住房，为了推动公寓楼的建设，政府承诺将来不会强行实行住房租金控制程序。
A：一旦公寓楼就位，政府会信守诺言不实行住房租金控制吗？
B：假如私营企业得知政府将不再信守诺言，他们还会有同样的激励去建设公寓楼吗？
C：政府要追寻什么样的最佳策略？

4. 求英文翻译，经济类的

你好！
Demand for hotel rooms in a ski resort may decrease when the price of a lift ticket (a complementary product) increases.
直译：
酒店房间的需求可能与（滑雪胜地的）缆车票（互补物品
）价格的上升有相反对应关系。
意译：
由于滑雪胜地酒店房间和缆车票是互补物品，后者的价格的上涨会减低旅客对前者的需求。
即旅客会因缆车票价上涨而减少光顾滑雪胜地的酒店。

 
Complementary product 的定义是
Material or good whose demand is interrelated with the demand
of another, such that a demand for one (for example tires) generates demand for
the other (for example gasoline)。
即“互补物品”或“互补性物品”
 
希望帮到了你。

5. 英语翻译汉语,经济学原论里面的几句话。高分悬赏啊！！！

1 价格弹性就是衡量买者和卖者对市场价格变动(当其他条件不变的前提下)反应大小的指标
【这里elasticity讲的就是弹性~
所谓弹性的定义：弹性就是衡量买者和卖者对市场价格条件变动反应大小的指标。
但是这里特别指出了在价格上，所以我觉得应该做价格弹性翻译】

2 普通的线性需求曲线上（除了那些完全垂直或者水平的之外的需求曲线），分布着需求从弹性到非弹性的多个点，并且有一个点代表着需求具有单位弹性。
【这一段都是意译~为了更好说明需求曲线的点】

3 需求的价格弹性衡量的是（需求的）替代性。一个物品的替代品越多，需求的弹性就会越大，这可以简单地理解为顾客有更多种选择，由此引发物品的价格很容易地变动。

4 随着时间推移，需求的弹性会增加，因为每个人都会有更多的机会去选择其他物品来替代(原有物品)。
【这个道理也是根据3来的，应该不难理解】

希望回答对你有帮助。

6. 英语翻译汉语,经济学原论里面的几句话之三。高分悬赏啊！！！！

1． This chapter used basic tools developed in the previous chapters to demonstrate how useful economics is in analyzing a wide range of social policy questions. 
【本章节运用了前几章所阐述的(经济学)基本工具来证明经济学在分析全球范围内的社会政策问题上到底发挥了多大的作用。】

2． Crime is an economic activity and can be analyzed as a rational decision of the criminal. To decrease criminal activity, one need only decrease the benefits the criminal receives or increase the costs the criminal must pay. This holds for the entire range of crime, from illegal parking to armed robbery or murder. 
【犯罪是一种经济行为，并可以被当作“罪犯的一种理性决策”来进行分析。想要减低犯罪率，只需要减少罪犯的犯罪收益或者提高其犯罪成本。这种方法使用于从非法停车到持械抢劫甚至谋杀等等的一系列犯罪行为。】

3． The concepts of supply, demand, and elasticity can be used to determine tax incidence. The more inelastic the demand for a product and the more elastic the supply, the greater the amount of the tax paid by the consumer. Conversely, the greater
the elasticity of demand for a product and the more inelastic the supply, the more the tax is paid by producer. In other words, relative elasticities determine tax incidence. 
【供应，需求和弹性能够被用来决定课税归宿[这应该是涉及税收的转嫁与归宿一章的内容]。对于一种产品的需求弹性越弱，则供应弹性就越强，而消费者所承担的税金就越多。反之，产品的需求弹性越强，则供应弹性就越弱，则生产商要支付更多的税金。换句话说，供求弹性决定税收归宿。】
[relative elasticities是相关的弹性，应该是指上文所提到的需求弹性和供应弹性，所以这里翻译为供求弹性。]

4． Price ceilings are attempts to keep prices from rising to their equilibrium level. Price ceilings cause shortages, and black markets often develop in response to the shortage. Rent control is an example of a price ceiling.
【最高限价尝试着阻止价格上升到均衡水平。最高限价导致了(产品)短缺，这种短缺也促成了黑市的形成发展。租金控制就是最高限价的一个例子。】
[Price ceiling和price floor是微观经济学中的“最高限价”以及“最低限价”概念]

5． Price floors are attempts to keep market prices from declining below a certain level. Price floors cause surpluses that must be absorbed to prevent the price from falling. Agricultural support prices and minimum wages are examples of price floors. 
【最低限价尝试着阻止价格降低到某一水平下，最低限价导致了(产品)过剩，这种过剩情况的发生必须被阻止，从而防止价格下跌。农业支持价和最低工资保障就是最低限价的两个例子。】

6． The energy crisis as it pertains to natural gas is a good example of how price ceilings disrupt markets. The lesson is that price ceilings are very difficult to remove even after the damage they cause is well understood. This type of intervention seems likely in the health care industy. 
【依赖于天然气而引发的能源危机就是反应最高限价如何扰乱市场的最佳例证。这对于我们更好地理解“最高限价难以消除，尤其是在(对经济)造成损害以后”上了很好的一课，这种干扰似乎也出现在保健行业。】

7． The farm problem has in part been caused by the supply and demand characteristics of the industry and in part by the rapid productivity gains in agricultural production. The government has been active in agricultural markets for a long time and the effects of this activity can be examined by using the concepts of supply and demand.
【农业问题在某种程度上是由于产业的供求特点造成的，另一方面也收农业生产中生产率的快速提升的影响。政府长期以来一直活跃于农业市场中，它的活动对农业的影响通过供需的概念进行审视。】
[in part 是在某种程度上]

7. 英语翻译汉语,经济学原论里面的几句话之四。高分悬赏啊！！！

1. Total utility is the total amount of satisfaction expected from consuming an item or group of items.
【总效用[也称TU]，是指消费者（在一定时间内）消费一个或一定数量商品所带来的满足程度的总和。】
2. Marginal utility is the addition to total utility from consuming one more unit of a good.
【边际效用[也称MU]，边际效用指消费者（在一定时间内）增加一个单位商品所带来的总效用的增量。】
3. Consumers, in deciding among items, choose those items with the highest marginal utility per dollar.
【消费者在决定购买哪种商品时，会选择那些每美元中拥有最高的边际效应的商品。】
4. An individual maximizes total utility by consuming all items so that the marginal utilities per dollar spent are equal. 
【每个人在消费物品时都会在保证使的总效用最大化来是的每美元中的边际效应相等。】
5. Utility theory has been criticized on the grounds that utility is not measurable and that items consumed are not perfectly divisible as the theory of utility maximization requires. Despite these criticisms, utility theory is a useful tool for analyzing consumer behavior.
【效用理论由于其不可测量性以及消费的商品并不像效用最大化所要求的那样可完美分割（两个原因）而受到批评。尽管如此，效用理论仍然是分析消费者行为的一种很有用的工具】

希望回答对你有帮助

8. 英语翻译 高手来 有关经济的 谢谢

One private passenger carrier that remains is Spring Airlines, a tenacious startup run by a founder so frugal that he shares a 100-square-foot office with his chief executive and takes the sub-way to business meetings.
That founder, Wang Zhenghua, survived in part by building his own computer reservation system. He canceled a planned interview. But in Chinese news reports, he was caustic about the state subsidies given his competitors. ''Now with the injection of 10 billion yuan'' for China Eastern and China Southern, ''everything is in chaos,'' he told Biz Review, a Chinese magazine.
China's private entrepreneurs have a catchphrase for such maneuvers: ''guo jin, min tui,'' or ''the state advances, the private sector retreats.''
State-owned enterprises in China have taken the best of the economy for themselves, ''leaving the private sector drinking the soup while the state enterprises are eating the meat,'' Cai Hua, the vice director of a chamber-of-commerce-style organi-zation in Zhejiang Province, said in an interview.
First in Line
Mr. Cai says he believes that China needs gov-ernment-run industries to compete globally and manage the country's domestic development. But locally, he said, their advantages -- being first in line for financing by state banks, first in line for state bailouts when they get in trouble, first in line for the stimulus gusher -- have created a ''profound inequality'' with private competitors.
Some analysts argue that the state-owned con-glomerates, built with state money and favors into global competitors, have now become political power centers in their own right, able to fend off even Beijing's efforts to rein them in.
Of the 129 major state enterprises, more than half the chairmen and chairwomen and more than one-third of the chief executive officers were ap-pointed by the central organization department of the Communist Party. A score or more serve on the party's Central Committee, which elects the ruling Politburo. They control not just the lifeblood of China's economy, but a corporate patronage system that dispenses top-paying executive jobs to relatives of the party's leading lights.
China's leaders have sought occasionally in the past year to curb speculative excesses by state-controlled businesses in real estate, lending and other areas. In May the State Council, a top-level policy body sometimes likened to the cabinet in the United States, issued orders to give private companies a better shot at government contracts -- for roads and bridges, finance and even military work -- that now go almost exclusively to state-owned companies. Virtually the same rules were issued five years ago, to little effect.
一个私人客运商，剩下的就是春秋航空，由创办人股份如此节俭，他与他的行政长官的100平方英尺的办公室，带分商务会议顽强地启动运行。
该创办，王正华，幸存的部分通过建立自己的电脑预订系统。他取消了计划中的采访。但是，在新闻报道中，他对他的竞争对手获得国家补助腐蚀性。 ''现已与10亿中国东部和中国南元''注射，一切都在混乱''，''他告诉商务审查，中文杂志。
中国的民营企业家有一个这样的演习口头禅：。''郭进，闵推拿，''或''国家的进步，私营部门退出''
在中国国有企业已经采取了最适合自己的经济，让私营部门''喝汤，而国有企业是吃的肉，''蔡华，副主任一室，对贸易，浙江省型组织，在接受采访时说。
第一行中
蔡先生说，他认为，中国需要州长的一代典范画校办产业在全球竞争和管理国家的国内发展。但在本地，他说，自己的优势-正在由国家银行，国有救助他们在遇到麻烦时，在第一线的刺激井喷融资行的第一行的第一个- 已经创造了一个深刻的不平等''''与私营竞争者。
一些分析家认为，国有企业集团，建有国家钱财，成为全球竞争者的青睐，已成为政治权力中心在其自己的权利，甚至能抵御北京的努力，发挥他们进来
在129个国家重点企业中，超过半数的主席及女主席和超过三分之一的人员美联社行政长官由共产党中央组织部门指出的三分之一。 A分以上担任党的中央委员会，选举产生政治局。他们不只是控制中国经济的命脉，但一个企业的赞助制度，免除最高薪的执行工作，以党的重要人物的亲属。
中国的领导人一直在寻求在过去一年中偶尔来遏制房地产，贷款和其他领域的国有控股企业的过度投机。今年五月，国务院一高层决策机构有时比喻为在美国内阁，下令给私营公司在政府合约更好的机会-道路和桥梁，金融，甚至军事工作 -现在去几乎全部国有企业。几乎发出了同样的规则五年前，收效甚微。